Lithium-Ion and Sodium-Ion Hybrid Batteries: UN Numbers and Compliance Essentials

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2025-10-11 14:33

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Hybrid batteries composed of sodium-ion and lithium-ion cells must be classified as UN3480 or UN3481, according to the provisions of the 24th revised edition of the United Nations Recommendations on the Transport of Dangerous Goods – Model Regulations (TDG), as follows:

The difference between UN3480 and UN3481

• UN3480: Lithium-ion battery packs, transported separately and not installed in equipment.

• UN3481: Lithium-ion battery packs, either installed in equipment or packed together with the equipment.

Special Regulations

• Hybrid batteries must comply with the requirements of Special Provision 410, which include:

• Lithium-ion and sodium-ion batteries are connected via electrical wiring.

• The entire hybrid battery assembly must pass the UN38.3 test.

• Each lithium-ion and sodium-ion battery component must pass the UN38.3 test.

• When transporting under Special Provision 188, the watt-hour rating of all batteries must not exceed 100 Wh and must be clearly marked on the exterior of the packaging.

Other things to note

• Packaging requirements: Packaging must comply with specified regulations, and measures must be taken to prevent short circuits.

• Labeling requirements: A "battery label" must be affixed, clearly indicating the UN number.

• Shipping documents: UN38.3 test summaries and other relevant shipping documents must be provided.

New Special Regulation 410: Hybrid batteries compliant with 2.9.4 (h), containing both lithium-ion and sodium-ion cells, must be assigned UN Nos. 3480, 3481, or 3536, as appropriate. When these batteries are transported under Special Provision 188, their watt-hour rating must not exceed 100 Wh and must be clearly marked on the outer casing.

Hybrid batteries that comply with clause 2.9.4(h) and contain both lithium-ion and sodium-ion cells should be assigned, as appropriate, to UN numbers 3480, 3481, or 3536. When these batteries are transported under Special Provision 188, their rated watt-hour value must not exceed 100 Wh, and this value should be clearly marked on the outer packaging.

Clause 2.9.4(h):

Additionally, according to the newly revised Special Provision 360:

Vehicles powered solely by hybrid batteries containing both lithium-ion cells and sodium-ion cells, as specified in 2.9.4 (h), must be assigned to entry UN 3556 VEHICLE, LITHIUM-ION BATTERY POWERED.

Only those complying with clause 2.9.4(h) Vehicles powered by hybrid power batteries featuring both lithium-ion and sodium-ion cells , should be classified under entry UN3556 with Lithium-ion Battery-powered vehicles.

I wonder if everyone has noticed the pattern yet, According to Special Provisions 410 and 360 of the 24th edition of TDG, Hybrid batteries—combining lithium-ion and sodium-ion technologies—as well as the associated equipment and vehicles, are all transported under lithium-ion-related entries (UN3480/UN3481/UN3556). So, why is that? Feel free to leave a comment in the comments section.

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