With the continuous development of society, import and export trade has become more and more developed, and the sea has become a natural trade route between countries.  You must not imagine that the proportion of sea transport is as high as two-thirds.  To know the cargo ship loading capacity is very large, container can stack more than ten meters high, but meet the sea wind and waves will not blow apart and fall, do you know why? Sea transport cycle is long, but why transport accounts for a high proportion?   In fact, there are only three modes of transportation for import and export trade, namely air transport, land transport and sea transport. The time period of sea transport is relatively long. After all, the speed of ships is not as fast as that of planes and trains.   But on the whole, the proportion of sea transport is much higher than that of air transport and land transport, mainly because the cost of sea transport is relatively low, this point alone, is the air transport and land transport can not compare.   In addition, a large number of goods can be loaded each time, which is higher than the load of land transport and air transport. Therefore, in international trade, sea transport has become the most common mode of transport.   What is the carrying capacity of a cargo ship at sea?   Since the age of the ship is slow, it must be recovered from the loading capacity. Then, how much cargo can the freighter carry at one sea?   It is understood that the world's largest container was developed and built by China in 2018. This cargo ship can carry more than 21,000 standard containers at most, which shows how strong its loading capacity is. In fact, cargo ships are very different from the ships we usually see. Normally, there are two kinds of loading situation, respectively inside and on deck.   If it is in the cabin, the way to fix the container is relatively simple, most of them use the guide groove to fix, because every container is the international standard size, width and height are 8 feet, in the length of 20, 30, 40 feet of several different types.   Therefore, in the construction of container ships, the inner guide slots are designed to be fixed in size. When loading cargo, it can be put into the guide slots according to the size. In fact, this way of fixing in the tank is also the safest. The deck is fixed in a different way, after all, there will be no fixed guide as in the cabin, but they are not randomly listed together.   Each of the boxes is tightly "set" together, and if you look closely, under each container, there is a groove that holds the two boxes together, and then a foot lock locks the boxes from top to bottom, making them one piece. Once this is done, each row of containers on the deck will be fixed with ropes to ensure safety, so that even in stormy seas, the containers will not be blown apart.   Finally, my personal opinion:   It is not so much tying up the containers on a freighter as it is fitting them into the hull, since there are so many interests involved in containers. Every time to go to sea is a challenge, the staff on board dare not neglect, but for the safety of containers at sea, in fact, we do not have to worry, as long as the cargo ship does not capsize, the container will not be blown apart, what do you think about this?  

① Does the gross weight on the bill of lading conflict with VGM? The GROSS WEIGHT on the bill of lading is applicable to customs declaration and other procedures, while the box weight is applicable to the requirements of SOLAS Convention.   ② Is VGM mandatory on the bill of lading? It's not mandatory.   ③ What is the acceptable VGM error of your company? Plus or minus 5%

Exit note, here are eight things you must know about VGM   1. All export cargo containers are required to declare VGM information according to law. In addition to empty SOC boxes provided by customers, SOC boxes with residue are also required to provide VGM information.   2. After the VGM information is submitted successfully, you can inquire on the official website of the shipping company and enter the container number or booking code. If the modification is to be made before the VGM deadline, the shipping company will take the last data submitted before the deadline as the final one.   3. After the container under a booking number is deleted, its corresponding VGM information will also be deleted, and the customer needs to submit the VGM of the container under the new booking number. If the customer applies to change ship, there is no need to mention VGM again for the cargo container that has already sent VGM information.   4. According to customs regulations, the goods of the same order must be imported and exported at the same time. If one container fails to submit VGM information, all the containers of the goods of the same order cannot be exported (if some containers have been loaded on board, they must be pulled down for COV transshipment, which will cost a lot).   5. If a trailer is used to weigh two 20DC tanks together, the wharf and shipping company do not allow the total weight of VGM to be divided by 2. For example, if one 20DC is loaded with steel coil and the other is loaded with plastic products, the average data divided by 2 will seriously deviate from the reality.   6. If VGM containers are not submitted in time, the dock will refuse to accept the heavy container or refuse to ship. As the relevant containers may be scheduled for another shipment, the delivery of the goods may be delayed and additional costs may be incurred. If the container must be removed from the terminal in order to obtain the VGM data, the shipper, as the responsible party for the submission of the VGM data, shall be responsible for the costs of container removal and consignment.   7. If there are multiple VGMS at the time of entering the gate, they will be adopted in the following order: (1) the VGMS obtained from wharf weighing will be used first; (2) If there is no weighing, EDI transmission of VGM is adopted; (3) If there is neither weighing nor EDI, VGM on the transport document shall be adopted.   8. The weight in VGM is the gross weight of the goods plus the tare weight of the container, as well as the weight of the reinforced protective materials that may be used in the container. The gross weight of the goods, i.e. the net weight of the goods and the total weight of the necessary packages, is provided in the bill of lading supplement. Therefore, the shipping company, the dock and the customs will not require that the weight in the VGM must be consistent with the gross weight of the goods in the bill of lading/customs declaration, and the information of VGM will not be shown on the bill of lading. The weight of the goods in the replenished materials in the bill of lading will still prevail.

European basic ports include ROTTERDAM in the Netherlands, HAMBURG and BREMERHAVEN in Germany, ANTWERP and ZEEBRUGGE in Belgium, LE HAVRE in France, FELIXSTOWE, SOUTHAMPTON and THAMESPORT in the UK. These ports are the first point of contact for shipowners.   The container size at Ouji Port is the same price, and the composition of sea freight is: O/F+ORC+DOC+SEAL+ISPS+ENS   European route surcharge notes. 1) ORC: RECEIVING CHARGE in English is "ORIGIN RECEIVING CHARGE", or dock charge in South China, which is approximately RMB1000/1850/1850/2000(20 'GP/40' GP/40 'HQ/45' HQ). This is slightly different. 2) ENS: English is "ENTRY SUMMARY DECLARATION", Chinese is short for "Entry Summary Declaration" of goods exported to the EU. The declaration is made by the carrier as agent, and the declaration fee is USD25/BILL. 3) DOC: English "DOCUMENT", document fee means that the carrier makes the cargo BILL of lading according to the shipper's actual loading information and according to the material replenishment provided by the shipper. The fee standard is RMB300/BILL. 4) ISPS: "INTERNATIONAL SHIP AND PORT FACILITY SECURITY", port security surcharge, which is charged according to the Port Safety and Security Regulations of 2002. Starting from 2004, all routes in Europe will be charged with this charge, the standard is USD10/ container. 5) SEAL: Container seal fee. Each empty container of the shipowner is equipped with corresponding seal lock (usually made of lead, KMTC is bullet seal) for customers to seal the container. This seal lock fee is charged at RMB25/ piece standard. HAMBURG Nature of port: river port, free port, Basic port (C, M) Latitude and longitude: 53° 33’n, 009° 59’e located in Germany (full name: THE right bank OF the lower ELBE River in the north of THE FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF GERMANY, about 76n mile from the estuary and near the HELGO-LANDER Bay, is the largest port in Germany and the second largest container port in Europe. Founded in 1189, has a history of more than 800 years, has developed into the world's largest free port, in the center of the free port has the world's largest warehouse city, an area of 500,000 m∧<2>. At the same time, it is different from other seaports in that it is located in the center of the European market of the European Community, the European Free Trade Association and the Economic and Mutual Association, which makes it the most important transit seaport in Europe. It is an important railway and air hub in Germany. The city spans both sides of the Elbe River. The city is criss-crossed by rivers and Bridges, and there are cross tunnels under the Elbe River. Industry and commerce developed, is the shipbuilding industry center of Germany, the main industries in addition to shipbuilding are electronics, petroleum refining, metallurgy, machinery, chemical, rubber and food, etc. The port is about 15km from the airport. Hong Kong is a temperate maritime climate, the year more westerly wind, mild humid, more winter rain. The average annual temperature is -4℃ in January and 20℃ in July. The annual average rainfall is about 800mm. The mean tidal range is 2.8m. ROTTERDAM Nature of Port: Estuary sea, bonded warehouse, base Hong Kong (C, M) Longitude and latitude: 51° 55’n, 004° 30’e Located on THE southwest coast OF THE KINGDOM of the NETHERLANDS (full name: THE KINGDOM OF THE NETHERLANDS) on the delta formed by the confluence of the RHEIN and MAAS rivers west into the sea. It was founded in the late 13th century as a small seaport and trading center. In 1600 it became the second largest commercial port in the Netherlands. In 1870, the waterway connecting the port to the North Sea (the city is about 16n mile from the mouth of the sea) was renovated and developed rapidly. It has been the world's largest freight port since the 1960s and is the gateway to and from the Rhine Valley. It is now the second largest city in the Netherlands, a transportation hub of water, land and air, and an important commercial and financial center. Rotterdam is now the world's largest port of cargo throughput, the commodity distribution center of Western Europe, and the largest container port in Europe. The main industries are oil refining, shipbuilding, petrochemicals, iron and steel, food and machinery manufacturing. It is home to large refineries, whose refining capacity accounts for more than half of the Netherlands' total capacity, making it one of the three largest refining centers in the world. Because many of its famous buildings are modern, Luhavang is known as "the most modern city in Europe". The port is about 6km from the airport and 70km from Amsterdam Airport. LE HAVRE Nature of port: Gulf estuary port, with free trade zone, basic port (C) Longitude and latitude: 49° 29’n, 000° 07’e Located in THE northwest coast OF FRANCE (full name: THE REPUBLIC OF FRANCE) SEINE estuary north bank, near the east side of the Seine (EINE) bay, is the second largest port and the larges

In fact, most goods can be transported by sea in containers, only a few are not suitable.   According to the state "Regulations on some issues concerning the Development of Container Transportation in our country", the goods suitable for container loading are 12 categories, namely, Jiaodian, instruments, small machinery, glass ceramics, crafts; Printing and paper, medicine, tobacco, alcohol, food, daily necessities, chemicals, needles, textiles and hardware, etc.   What goods cannot be transported by container sea?   1. Fresh goods. For example, live fish, shrimp, etc., because sea transportation takes longer than other modes of transportation, if container transportation is used for fresh goods, the goods will deteriorate in the process of transportation. 2. If the weight of the goods exceeds the maximum carrying weight of the container, the goods cannot be transported by sea through the container. 3. Oversized goods cannot be transported by container, and some large parts are super high and wide. These goods can only be transported on the cabin or deck by bulk carrier. 4. Containers are not used for military transportation. If the troops or military enterprises handle container transportation by sea, it shall be handled as commercial transportation. Military transport using self-provided containers shall not be carried out in accordance with container transport conditions.   In the transportation of container goods, in order to ensure the safety of the ship, the cargo and the box, the appropriate container must be selected according to the nature, type, volume, weight and shape of the cargo; Otherwise, not only some goods can not be carried, but also due to improper selection of goods damage. Container cargo The selection of containers can be considered as follows:   (1) Clean goods and dirty goods: general cargo containers, ventilated containers, open-top containers and refrigerated containers can be selected; (2) Valuable goods and fragile goods: general cargo containers can be selected; (3) Refrigerated goods and perishable goods: refrigerated containers, ventilated containers and insulated containers can be selected; (4) Bulk cargo: bulk cargo container and tank container can be selected; (5) Animals and plants: choose livestock (animal) containers, ventilated containers; (6) Heavy goods: choose open-top containers, frame containers and platform containers; (7) Dangerous goods: general cargo container, frame container and refrigerated container can be selected.   VITA International Freight Forwarding Co., LTD., specializing in import and export freight for 15 years, your reliable freight forwarding expert!

When the average enterprise exports, the main concern in the loading process is the wrong data of the goods, the damage of the goods, and the discrepancy between the data and the customs declaration data, which will cause the customs to be unable to release the goods. Therefore, before loading the container, the shipper, the warehouse and the freight forwarder must coordinate carefully to avoid this happening.   1, different shapes, different packaging of goods as far as possible do not package together; 2. Goods that leak dust, liquid, moisture, odor, etc. from the packaging should not be placed together with other goods as much as possible. "If it is unavoidable, it should be separated with canvas, plastic film or other material." Cheng Qiwei said. 3. Light goods are placed on top of heavier goods; 4. The goods with weak packing strength should be placed above the goods with strong packing strength; 5. Liquid items and cleaning items should be placed below other items as far as possible; 6. For goods with sharp corners or protruding parts, it is necessary to cover them to avoid damage to other goods.   There are usually three methods for on-site packaging of container goods: that is, all manual packaging, moving into the box with a forklift (forklift) and then manual stacking, and all mechanical packaging, such as pallets (pallets). The goods are stacked in boxes by forklift.   Picture   1. In no case shall the weight of the goods in the container exceed the maximum loading capacity of the container, that is, the total amount of the container minus the weight of the container. Under normal circumstances, the total weight and deadweight will be marked on the container door. 2. The unit density of each container is fixed, so when loading the same kind of goods in the box, as long as you know the density of the goods, you can determine whether it is heavy or light. Cheng Qiwei said that if the density of the goods is greater than the unit density of the box, it is heavy cargo, otherwise it is light cargo. A timely and clear distinction between these two different situations is very important for effective packing of boxes. 3. When loading, the load at the bottom of the box must be balanced, especially one end of the load center of gravity is strictly prohibited. 4. Avoid concentrated load. "For example, when loading heavy cargo such as machinery and equipment, the bottom of the box should be covered with wooden boards and other cushions to spread the load as much as possible. The bottom of a standard container is roughly: 1330x9.8N/m for a 20-foot container and 980x9.8N/m for a 40-foot container. 5. When using manual loading, pay attention to whether there are loading and unloading instructions such as "not inverted", "flat" and "vertical" on the package. Be sure to use the loading tools correctly and do not use hand hooks for tied goods. The goods in the case should be packed neatly and securely. For goods that are easy to loosely tie and pack fragile goods, liners are used or plywood is inserted between the goods to prevent the goods from moving in the case. 6. When loading pallet goods, it is necessary to accurately grasp the internal dimensions of the container and the external dimensions of the goods package, so as to calculate the number of loaded pieces, so as to minimize waste and load more goods. 7. When using forklift packaging, it will be limited by the free lifting height of the machine and the height of the mast. Therefore, when conditions permit, the forklift can load two layers at a time, but there must be a certain gap between the upper and lower sides. If conditions do not permit loading two floors at a time, the lifting height of the mast shall be the first floor when loading the second floor, taking into account the free lifting height of the forklift truck and the possible lifting height of the forklift mast. The height of the first tier minus the free lift height allows the second tier to be loaded on top of the third tier. In addition, a forklift with a common lifting capacity of 2 tons is generally used, and its free lifting height is about 1250px. But there is also a forklift with a completely free lift height. As long as the height of the box is allowed, the machine is not affected by the height of the mast lift and can easily stack two layers of cargo. In addition, it should also be noted that there should be a non-slip pad under the cargo so that the fork can be pulled smoothly.   Finally, it is best not to pack naked, at least must be packed, do not blindly save space, cause damage to the goods. Ordinary goods will also be packaged. Only large machinery such as boilers and building materials is more troublesome. It must be tied tightly to prevent loosening. In fact, as long as you are careful and attentive, there will be no big problem.